Tiempos verbales

PRESENTE SIMPLE

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I PLAY (Yo juego) I DO NOT PLAY (DON’T) DO I PLAY ?
You PLAY You DO NOT PLAY DO you PLAY ?
He PLAYS He DOES NOT PLAY(DOESN’T) DOES he PLAY ?
We PLAY We DO NOT PLAY DO we PLAY ?
You PLAY You DO NOT PLAY DO you PLAY ?
They PLAY They DO NOT PLAY DO they PLAY ?
El Presente Simple se utiliza para expresar acciones habituales, costumbres, etc., con expresiones como sometimes, always, never, every day, twice a week, etc.

Ej: They don’t like sports, but he plays tennis every week.

PRESENTE CONTINUO

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I (‘M) AM PLAYING(estoy jugando/ voy a jugar) I AM NOT PLAYING AM I PLAYING ?
You ARE PLAYING You ARE NOT PLAYING (AREN’T) ARE you PLAYING ??
She IS PLAYING She IS NOT PLAYING(ISN’T) IS she PLAYING ?
We ARE PLAYING We ARE NOT PLAYING ARE we PLAYING ?
You ARE PLAYING You ARE NOT PLAYING. ARE you PLAYING ?
They ARE PLAYING They ARE NOT PLAYING ARE they PLAYING ?.

El Presente Continuo tiene dos usos distintos:

1. Para expresar acciones que están sucediendo en el momento en que se habla, con expresiones como now, at the moment, etc. Ej. She is reading a book in English at the moment.

2. Para expresar planes o intenciones de futuro, con expresiones como tomorrow, next week, within two months, etc. Ej. We aren’t flying to London next month.

PASADO SIMPLE (v. Regular: Play – Played - Played)

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I PLAYED (yo jugué) I DID NOT PLAY(DIDN’T) DID I PLAY ?
You PLAYED You DID NOT PLAY DID you PLAY ?
He PLAYED He DID NOT PLAY DID he PLAY ?
We PLAYED We DID NOT PLAY DID we PLAY ?
You PLAYED You DID NOT PLAY DID you PLAY ?
They PLAYED They DID NOT PLAY DID they PLAY ?

PASADO SIMPLE (v. Irregular: Go – Went - Gone)

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I WENT (yo fui) I DID NOT GO(DIDN’T) DID I GO ?
You WENT You DID NOT GO DID you GO ?
She WENT She DID NOT GO DID she GO ?
We WENT We DID NOT GO DID we GO ?
You WENT You DID NOT GO DID you GO ?
They WENT They DID NOT GO DID they GO ?

El Pasado Simple se utiliza para expresar acciones completadas, normalmente de corta duración, en pasado, con expresiones de tiempo pasado ya cerrado y acabado, como yesterday, last week, two months ago, in 1997, etc.

Ej: They made a cake last weekend, but we didn’t eat it.

PASADO CONTINUO.

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I WAS PLAYING(yo estaba/estuve jugando) I WAS NOT PLAYING (WASN’T) WAS I PLAYING ?
You WERE PLAYING You WERE NOT PLAYING WERE you PLAYING ?
He WAS PLAYING He WAS NOT PLAYING WAS he PLAYING ?
We WERE PLAYING We WERE NOT PLAYING WERE we PLAYING ?
You WERE PLAYING You WERE NOT PLAYING. WERE you PLAYING ?
They WERE PLAYING They WERE NOT PLAYING. WERE they PLAYING ?.

El Pasado Continuo se emplea para expresar acciones, más largas que las del Pasado Simple, que ocurrían en el momento del cual se está hablando. Van acompañadas de las mismas expresiones de tiempo que el Pasado Simple.

Ej: When she phoned me yesterday, I was watching TV.

PRESENTE PERFECTO (v. Regular: Play – Played – Played)

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I HAVE PLAYED (yo he jugado) I HAVE NOT PLAYED (HAVEN’T) HAVE I PLAYED ?
You HAVE PLAYED You HAVE NOT PLAYED HAVE you PLAYED ?
She HAS PLAYED She HAS NOT PLAYED (HASN’T) HAS she PLAYED ?
We HAVE PLAYED We HAVE NOT PLAYED HAVE we PLAYED ?
You HAVE PLAYED You HAVE NOT PLAYED HAVE you PLAYED ?
They HAVE PLAYED They HAVE NOT PLAYED HAVE they PLAYED ?

PRESENTE PERFECTO (v. Irregular: Go – Went – Gone)

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I (‘VE) HAVE GONE (yo he ido) I HAVE NOT GONE (HAVEN’T) HAVE I GONE ?
You HAVE GONE You HAVE NOT GONE HAVE you GONE ?
He HAS GONE He HAS NOT GONE (HASN’T) HAS he GONE ?
We HAVE GONE We HAVE NOT GONE HAVE we GONE ?
You HAVE GONE You HAVE NOT GONE HAVE you GONE ?
They HAVE GONE They HAVE NOT GONE HAVE they GONE ?

El Presente Perfecto tiene dos valores:

1.Para expresar acciones finalizadas en el pasado, con expresiones de tiempo aún abiertas o sin acabar, como today, this morning, this week, this year, etc. Ej: They haven’t failed any exams this month.

2. Con expresiones con for, since, o how long …? , para indicar acciones que se iniciaron en el pasado pero que aún continúan vigentes en el presente. En este caso, se traducen con un Presente Simple o con la expresión “llevar + gerundio”. Ej: She has written newspaper articles since 1992

FUTURO SIMPLE

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I(‘LL) WILL PLAY (yo jugaré) I WILL NOT PLAY (WON’T) WILL I PLAY ?
You WILL PLAY You WILL NOT PLAY WILL you PLAY ?
She WILL PLAY She WILL NOT PLAY WILL she PLAY ?
We WILL PLAY We WILL NOT PLAY WILL we PLAY ?
You WILL PLAY You WILL NOT PLAY WILL you PLAY ?
They WILL PLAY They WILL NOT PLAY WILL they PLAY ?

El Futuro Simple se utiliza para expresar acciones no planeadas en futuro, o para predicciones de futuro, con expresiones como tomorrow, next week, etc…

Ej. I think I will go to England next year.

Be Going To

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I AM GOING TO PLAY (voy a jugar) I AM NOT GOING TO PLAY AM I GOING TO PLAY ?
You ARE GOING TO PLAY You ARE NOT GOING TO PLAY ARE you GOING TO PLAY ?
He IS GOING TO PLAY He IS NOT GOING TO PLAY IS he GOING TO PLAY ?
We ARE GOING TO PLAY We ARE NOT GOING TO PLAY ARE we GOING TO PLAY ?
You ARE GOING TO PLAY You ARE NOT GOING TO PLAY ARE you GOING TO PLAY ?
They ARE GOING TO PLAY They ARE NOT GOING TO PLAY ARE they GOING TO PLAY ?

El uso de la expresión Be going to equivale al uso nº 2 del Presente Continuo.

Ej. We aren’t going to fly to London next month

CONDICIONAL SIMPLE

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
I (‘D) WOULD PLAY (yo jugaría) I WOULD NOT PLAY (WOULDN’T) WOULD I PLAY ?
You WOULD PLAY You WOULD NOT PLAY WOULD you PLAY ?
She WOULD PLAY She WOULD NOT PLAY WOULD she PLAY ?
We WOULD PLAY We WOULD NOT PLAY WOULD we PLAY ?
You WOULD PLAY You WOULD NOT PLAY WOULD you PLAY ?
They WOULD PLAY They WOULD NOT PLAY WOULD they PLAY ?

El Condicional Simple se utiliza para expresar un deseo, o una situación hipotética.

Ej. I would like to travel to Japan.